Yu. S. Pinkovetskaia, A. V. Lebedev, A. A. Somkin. Regional Differences of Digitalization Level in the Activities of Organizations in Russia

UDК 332.1:004(470+571)

DOI: 10.15507/2413-1407.120.030.202203.721-747

Abstract

Introduction. The widespread development of digital technologies in recent years has become one of the most significant resources for transforming the activities of enterprises and organizations. The purpose of our study is to evaluate indicators that characterize Russian organizations using both digital technologies in general and specialized software that provide financial calculations, electronic document management and automation of production processes.

Materials and Methods. The official information of the Federal State Statistics Service for 2020, based on the results of surveys conducted by the heads of organizations, revealing the use of digital technologies, was used as the initial empirical data. The territorial features of the use of digital technologies were analyzed on the basis of the development of mathematical models such as normal distribution functions. The use of these models made it possible to establish the levels of digitalization of managerial and production tasks, including the use of specialized applied computer programs.

Results. The results of the study proved that 82.2 % of all organizations used digital technologies in 2020. It was found that 41.7 % of organizations used specialized programs for financial settlements. It was revealed that a little more organization (54.3 %) used electronic document management in their activities. The results of calculations showed that specialized programs for the production of products or individual technological processes are implemented in 7.4 % of organizations.

Discussion and Conclusion. The practical significance of the study for state and regional authorities lies in obtaining new information on the current differentiation of the indicators’ values under consideration for organizations operating in all regions of Russia. The findings of the study can be used to justify activities related to the regulation and planning of the development of digital technologies and the formation of proposals for the allocation of additional resources to regions with a low level of digitalization. The methodology proposed in the study can be applied by regions with a large number of municipalities to conduct a comparative analysis of similar indicators.

Keywords: digital technologies, organizations, regional features, normal distribution functions, digitalization

Conflict of interests. The authors declare that there is not conflict of interest.

For citation: Pinkovetskaia Yu.S., Lebedev A.V., Somkin A.A. Regional Differences of Digitalization Level in the Activities of Organizations in Russia. Regionology. Russian Journal of Regional Studies. 2022;30(3):721–747. doi: https://doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.120.030.202203.721-747

REFERENCES

1. Rozmi A., Nohuddin P., Hadi A., Bakar M., Nordin I. Factors Affecting SME Owners in Adopting ICT in Business using Thematic Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. 2020;11(7):208–218. doi: https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0110727

2. Malik A.K., Yadav K., Singh S., Kumar A. Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Transforming Higher Education in India: A Review. Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences. 2019;6(7):176–183. doi: https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.7821

3. Leviäkangas P. Digitalisation of Finland’s Transport Sector. Technological in Society. 2016;47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2016.07.001

4. Parviainen P., Tihinen M., Kääriäinen J., Teppola S. Tackling the Digitalization Challenge: How to Benefit from Digitalization in Practice. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management. 2017;5(1):63–77. doi: https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm050104

5. Kohli R., Melville N. Digital Innovation: A Review and Synthesis. Information Systems Journal. 2019;29(1):200–223. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12193

6. Ahmad M., Murray J. Understanding the Connect between Digitalisation, Sustainability and Performance of an Organization. International Journal of Business Excellence. 2019;17(1):83–96. doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2019.10017927

7. Bejtkovský J., Rózsa Z., Mulyaningsih D. A Phenomenon of Digitalization and Erecruitment in Business Environment. Polish Journal of Management Studies. 2018;18(1):58–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2018.18.1.05

8. Miraz M., Habib M. ICT Adoption in Small and Medium Enterprises: An Empirical Evidence of Service Sectors in Bangladesh. Journal of Economics, Business and Management. 2016;4(8):482–485. doi: https://doi.org/10.18178/joebm.2016.4.8.439

9. Omar F.I., Othman N.A., Salleh M.A.M., Abdullah N.H. Affective Need of ICT in Improving Business Performance among Malay Women Entrepreneur. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 2018;8(6):975–987. doi: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i6/4295

10. Akhtar N., Azeem M., Mir G. Strategic Role of Internet in SMEs Growth Strategies. International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research. 2014;5(2):20–27. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281630145_Strategic_Role_of_Internet_In_SMEs_Growth_Strategies (accessed 20.04.2022).

11. Kilymis P., Zhou W., Lehmann M., Berger U. A Survey on Digitalization for SMEs in Brandenburg, Germany. IFACE-PapersOnLine. 2019;52(13):2140–2145. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.522

12. Mutula S., Van Brakel P. E­readiness of SMEs in the ICT Sector in Botswana with Respect to Information Access. The Electronic Library. 2006;24(3):402­–417. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/02640470610671240

13. Selase A., Selase A., Ayishetu A.-R., Comfort D.A., Stanley A., Ebenezer G.-A. Impact of Technology Adoption and its Utilization on SMEs in Ghana. International Journal of Small and Medium Enterprises. 2019;2(2):1–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.46281/ijsmes.v2i2.382

14. Bouncken R.B., Kraus S., Roig-Tierno N. Knowledge- and Innovation-Based Business Models for Future Growth: Digitalized Business Models and Portfolio Considerations. Review of Managerial Science. 2021;15(1):1–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00366-z

15. Horvath D., Szabo R.Z. Driving Forces and Barriers of Industry 4.0: Do Multinational and Small and Medium-Sized Companies Have Equal Opportunities? Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2019;146:119–132. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.021

16. Midler E.A., Sharifyanov T.F. The Digital Divide in the Territorial Aspect: Practice of Overcoming. Proceedings of the International Banking Institute. 2020;(2):51–63. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43985333 (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

17. Alexandrova T.V. Digital Divide Regions of Russia: Causes, Score, Ways of Overcoming. Economics and Business: Theory and Practice. 2019;(8):9–12. Available at: http://economyandbusiness.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Ekonomika-i-biznes-8.pdf (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

18. Aksyanova A.V., Alexandrovskaya Y.P., Gadelshina G.A. To the Question of Digital Inequality of the Regions of the Russian Federation. Managing Sustainable Development. 2021;(6):5–13. Available at: https://www.kstu.ru/servlet/contentblob?id=381461 (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

19. Bleicher J., Stanley H. Digitization as a Catalyst for Business Model Innovation a Three-Step Approach to Facilitating Economic Success. Journal of Business Management. 2018; 4(2):62–71. Available at: http://www.theaspd.com/resources/jbm%20vol.%204-2-1.pdf (accessed 20.04.2022).

20. Vial G. Understanding Digital Transformation: A Review and a Research Agenda. Journal of Strategic Information Systems. 2019;28(2):118–144. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.003

21. Kagermann H., Wolfgang W., Helbig J. Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. 2013. Available at: https://www.din.de/blob/76902/e8cac883f42bf28536e7e8165993f1fd/recommendations-for-implementing-industry-4-0-data.pdf (accessed 20.04.2022).

22. Fatorachian H., Kazemi H. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Supply Chain Performance. Production Planning and Control. 2021;32(1):63-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1712487

23. Amaral A., Pups P. SMEs and Industry 4.0: Two Case Studies of Digitalization for a Smoother Integration. Computers in Industry. 2021;125. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103333

24. Bouwman H., Nikou S., de Reuver M. Digitalization, Business Models, and SMEs: How do Business Model Innovation Practices Improve Performance of Digitalizing SMEs? Telecommunications Policy. 2019;43(9). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101828

25. Torok L. Industry 4.0 from a Few Aspects, in Particular in Respect of the Decision Making of the Management. Will the New Industrial Revolution Change the Traditional Management Functions? International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering. 2020;11(2):140–146. doi: https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.20020

26. Lucchetti R., Sterlacchini A. The Adoption of ICT among SMEs: Evidence from an Italian Survey. Small Business Economics. 2004;23:151–168. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SBEJ.0000027667.55821.53

27. Ribeiro-Navarrete S., Botella-Carrubi D., Palacio-Marques D., Orero-Blatt M. The Effect of Digitalization on Business Performance: An Applied Study of KIBS. Journal of Business Research. 2021;126:319–326. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.065

28. Sjodin D., Parida V., Jovanovic M., Visnjic I. Value Creation and Value Capture Alignment in Business Model Innovation: A Process View on Outcome-Based Business Models. Journal of Product Innovation Management. 2020;37(2):158–183. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12516

29. Sousa-Zommer T.T., Need A., Martinez V. Digital Transforming Capability and Performance: A Microfoundations Perspective. International Journal of Operations & Production Management. 2020;40(7/8):1095–1128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-06-2019-0444

30. Jackson D. Convergence: Has it Reached the SAME? Computing SA. 2007;July:10‒11.

31. Martin L. Internet Adoption and Use in Small Firms: Internal Processes, Organisational Culture and the Role of the Owner-Manager and Key Staff. New Technology, Work and Employment. 2005;20(3):190–204. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2005.00153.x

32. Kamalalddin A., Linde L., Sjödin D., Parida V. Transforming Provider-Customer Relationships in Digital Servitization: A Relational View on Digitalization. Industrial Marketing Management. 2020;89:306–325. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.02.004

33. Naidenko I.S., Ishchenko T.R. Directions for Improving the Enterprise Management Process in the Context of Digitalization. Newsletter of North-Caucasus Federal University. 2021;(1):64–72. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.37493/2307-907X.2021.1.9

34. Kiseleva O.N. Substantiation of the Balanced Approach to the Digitalization Process in the Aspect of Innovative Development of Domestic Enterprises. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2020;(20):405–411. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2020-20-4-405-411

35. Feigel M.L., Ometova A.N. Prospects for the Development of Accounting, Payment of Taxes of Russian Enterprises in the Conditions of Digitalization. Business. Education. Law. 2021;(4):40–43. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.25683/VOLBI.2021.57.407

36. Sizova O.V., Makhotkina E.S. Improving the Management of an Industrial Enterprise in the Digitalization of the Russian Economy. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Seriya “Ekonomika, finansy i upravleniye proizvodstvom”. 2021;(1):140–151. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.60/ivecofin.20214701.527

37. Zamalieva G.V., Urazbakhtina L.R. [Digitalization of Business Processes as a Factor in the Formation of a Competitive Advantage of an Enterprise]. Tendentsii razvitiya nauki i obrazovaniya. 2022;(83-3):24–26. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.18411/tranio-03-2022-92

38. Koksharova E.A. [Digitalization of Enterprises: Analysis of Modern Cloud Solutions and Prospects for their Development]. Modern Science. 2020;(9-1):304–309. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43937050&ysclid=l67ovgrf3m385176084 (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

39. Yachmeneva V.M., Osmanova Z.O. Management of Adaptability in the Context of Enterprise Activities in the Conditions of Digitalization. Scientific Bulletin: Finance, Banking, Investment. 2021;(4):55–62. Available at: http://fbi.cfuv.ru/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/05_Ячменева.pdf (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

40. Starukhin V.A. Digitalization as a Method of Reducing Transaction Costs of a Manufacturing Enterprisee. Kant. 2021;(4):95–99. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.24923/2222-243X.2021-41.18

41. Romanov I.A. Digitalization of Accounting and Forecasting at Enterprises. Ekonomika: vchera, segodnya, zavtra. 2021;11(8–1):75-81. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.34670/AR.2021.89.15.011

42. Domozhirova O.V., Vasilchenko T.I. [Digitalization of Enterprise cost Management]. Belgorodskiy ekonomicheskiy vestnik. 2020;(4):14–22. Available at: http://dspace.bstu.ru/handle/123456789/3962 (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ.)

43. Shaposhnikova I.V. Introduction of Innovative Methods of Digitalization in the Management Activities of the Enterprise. Innovatsionnaya deyatel'nost'. 2021;(4):107–115. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=48168394 (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

44. Voskoboinikov Ya.M., Bodrova T.V., Borisova E.N., Morozova N.B. Digitalization of the Accounting Process to Ensure Sustainable Development of Consumer Cooperative Societies. Fundamental and Applied Researches of the Cooperative Sector of the Economy. 2021;(1):102–108. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.37984/2076-9288-2021-1-102-108

45. Mnatsakanyan A.G., Kuzin V.I. Digitalization of Fisheries Management. Problemy mezhregional'nykh svyazey. 2021;1(15):46–51. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46130604&ysclid=l67p3g8v19323403071 (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

46. Plichenko D.V. [Methodology for Determining Priority Areas for Digitalization of Enterprises]. Vestnik Altayskoy akademii ekonomiki i prava. 2019;(12-1):108–115. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.17513/vaael.855

47. Nurgaliev R.K. Adaptation of the Monitoring System for Petrochemical Enterprises to the Conditions of Digitalization of Production Processes. Economic Development Research Journal. 2021;(4):33–38. Available at: http://edrj.ru/article/05-04-21 (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

48. Volshchukov M.Y., Rybolovlev V.Y., Volshchukov Y.N., Makashov P.L. From Integration to Convergence in Enterprise Automation: Practical Aspects of Digitalization of the Russian Economy. Korporativnaya ekonomika. 2019;(3):4–12. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42306575&ysclid=l67p83p0is564981784 (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

49. Shkodinsky S.V., Stepanov D.A. Digitalization of Industrial Enterprises as a Strategic Factor in Their Sustainable Development. Market Economy Problems. 2021;(4):40–49. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.33051/2500-2325-2021-4-40-49

50. Pinkovetskaia I.S. Assessment of the Share of Small Innovative Enterprises in Russian Regions. Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics, Sociology and Management. 2021;11(3):91–99. Available at: https://swsu.ru/izvestiya/serieseconom/archiv/3_2021.pdf (accessed 20.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

51. Pinkovetskaia I., Nuretdinova Y., Nuretdinov I., Lipatova N. Mathematical Modeling on the Base of Functions Density of Normal Distribution. Revista de la universidad del zulia. 2021;12(33):34–49. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.33.04

Submitted 22.04.2022; approved after reviewing 24.05.2022; accepted for publication 03.06.2022.

About the authors:

Yuliia S. Pinkovetskaia, Associate Professor, Department of Economic Analysis and State Management, Ulyanovsk State University (42 L. Tolstoy St., Ulyanovsk 432000, Russian Federation), Cand. Sci. (Economics), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8224-9031, judy54@yandex.ru

Anton V. Lebedev, Associate Professor, Department of English for Professional Communication, National Research Mordovia State University (68/1 Bolchevistskaya St., Saransk 430005, Russian Federation), Cand. Sci. (Culture Study), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1927-5595, toshaleb@mail.ru

Alexander A. Somkin, Professor, Department of English for Professional Communication, National Research Mordovia State University (68/1 Bolchevistskaya St., Saransk 430005, Russian Federation), Doc. Sci. (Philosophy), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-0729, alexsomkin@mail.ru

Contribution of the authors:

Yu. S. Pinkovetskaia – determination of the scientific objectives of the article and identification of the ways for their solution; collection of data; structuring and analysis of the obtained results; edition of the article.

A. V. Lebedev – collection of resources and data for the article; the study of statistical information; editing the text of the article.

A. A. Somkin – determination of the research methodology; analysis of the findings; editing and final revision of the article.

The authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

To download article