A. V. Dozhdikov. Educational Migration in the Republic of Mordovia

UDК 314.15:37(470.345)

doi: 10.15507/2413-1407.122.031.202301.182-198

Abstract

Introduction. The article is devoted to the actual problem of youth educational migration – a key factor influencing the personnel potential of the region. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of youth educational migration from the Republic of Mordovia, to determine the emerging type of migration in comparison with other regions, and to formulate proposals for the needs of regional development.

Materials and Methods. The empirical basis of the article is demographic data on interregional migration for 2017–2021 in the context of ages (17–27 years old), databases of “educational data” based on the results of the Unified State Examination and admission to universities of applicants. General statistical methods and approaches were used, data processing and visualization in the pivot tables and charts was carried out, application software and libraries of the Python language (numpy, pandas, matplotlib) were used. The tools made it possible to identify migration indicators in relation to the region, analyze them, and visualize the parameters of educational migration.

Results. It has been established that until recently the Republic of Mordovia was a donor region for educational youth migration. However, since 2018–2020, there has been a trend towards the transition to the position of a “transit” region: the balance of migration of 20–22 year olds and older is negative, but the balance of migration of 17–19 year olds is positive. The directions and proportions of educational migration have been established in relation to the entire contingent of graduates and certain categories. A number of assumptions and hypotheses are put forward for subsequent verification on the entire general population (“big data”) of applicants in the Russian Federation.

Discussion and Conclusion. The objective conditions of the “post-COVID” reality and external restrictions in terms of educational migration can significantly increase the role of regions. Achieving a “balance” state with compensation for outgoing migration, the preservation and renewal of human capital seems possible. The data on educational migration by region, principles of analysis and conclusions will be useful both for researchers in the field of data science, migration processes, the sociology of education, and for educational and social authorities to adjust forecasts and regional development projects. A similar study can be carried out for other regions of the Russian Federation in comparison with the trends and patterns identified in the Republic of Mordovia.

eywords: educational migration in Russia, youth migration in Russia, admission to universities in other regions from the Republic of Mordovia, distribution of applicants in the region by success cohorts, quality of education in the region, migration attractiveness of the Republic of Mordovia, reasons for educational migration

Conflict of interests. The author declares that there is not conflict of interest.

For citation: Dozhdikov A.V. Educational Migration in the Republic of Mordovia. Russian Journal of Regional Studies. 2023;31(1):182–198. doi: https://doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.122.031.202301.182-198

REFERENCES

1. Korepina T.A. Place and Role of Educational Migration in General Classification of Types of Migration Movement of the Population. Vestnik NSUEM. 2018;(3):65–77. Available at: https://nsuem.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1319 (accessed 22.08.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

2. Gabdrakhmanov N.K., Karachurina L.B., Mkrtchyan N.V., Leshukov O.V. Educational Migration of Young People and Optimization of the Network of Universities in Cities of Different Sizes. Educational Studies. 2022;(2):88–116. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.17323/1814-9545-2022-2-88-116

3. Plotnikov V.A. Digitization as a Logical Stage in the Evolution of an Economic System. Economic Revival of Russia. 2020;(2):104–115. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2020-2-64-104-115

4. Pechatkin V.V. Formation and Development of the Digital Economy in Russia as a Strategic Priority for the Development of Territories in the Context of Pandemics. Russian Journal of Innovation Economics. 2020;10(2):837–848. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.18334/vinec.10.2.110187

5. Tomashevsky K.L. Digitalization and its Impact on the Labour Market and Employment Relations (Theoretical and Comparative Legal Aspects). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law. 2020;11(2):398–413. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2020.210

6. Lev M.Yu., Leshchenko Yu.G. The Digital Economy: Towards a Strategy for the Future in the Context of Economic Security. Russian Journal of Innovation Economics. 2020;10(1):25–44. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.18334/vinec.10.1.100646

7. Kuzheleva-Sagan I.P., Spicheva D.I. The Phenomenon of Digital Nomadism in the Modern Interdisciplinary Discourse. Tomsk State University Journal. 2020;(454):72–87. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/454/9

8. Dobrinskaya D.E. On Phenomenon of Digital Nomadism. ECO. 2020;(2):37–59. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2020-2-37-59

9. Van Dijk J. The Network Society: Social Aspects of New Media. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2006. Available at: https://books.google.ru/books?id=b7ktTPViIYMC (accessed 22.08.2022).

10. Zhalnina K. International Educational Migration: Case of Kazakhstan. Eurasian Journal of Economic and Business Studies. 2021;3(61):62–78. doi: https://doi.org/10.47703/ejebs.v3i61.58

11. Nguyen Minh Huyen T. Educational Migration in Vietnam: Challenges and New Opportunities. DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2022;2(1):127–141. doi: https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.1.10

12. González-Leonardo M., Bernard A., García-Román J., López-Gay A. Educational Selectivity of Native and Foreign-Born Internal Migrants in Europe. Demographic Research. 2022;47:1033–1046. doi: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2022.47.34

13. Wallerstein I. The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Six-Teenth Century. University of California Press.; 2011. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pnrj9 (accessed 22.08.2022).

14. Trofimova O.V. European Approaches to Theories of Migration: Specifics of Formation. Social Sciences and Contemporary World. 2020;(5):53–66. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.31857/S086904990011155-2

15. Sergeev V.M., Kazantzev A.A., Medvedeva S.M. Territorial Heterogeneity of Globalization and the New Types of Conflicts. Polis. Political Studies. 2020;(1):44–61. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2020.01.04

16. Kasantzev A.A., Sergeev V.M. The Crisis of US-centric Globalization: Causes, Trends and Scenarios of Development. MGIMO Review of International Relations. 2020;13(2):40–69. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-2-71-40-69

17. Gabdrakhmanov N.K., Nikiforova N.Yu., Leshukov O.V. Educational Migration of Youth in Russia. Sovremennaya analitika obrazovaniya. 2019;(5):4–42. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.). EDN: DKZGMI

18. Nezhdanov V.A. Paradoxes of Migration Statistics of the Population of a Region. Regionology. Russian Journal of Regional Studies. 2017;25(2):279–293. Available at: https://regionsar.ru/ru/node/1598 (accessed 22.08.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

19. Fofanova K.V., Sychev A.A. Factors in Migration Attractiveness of a Provincial City: The Case Study of the City of Saransk. Regionology. Russian Journal of Regional Studies. 2019;27(4):756–778. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.109.027.201904.756-778

20. Bareev M.Yu., Kurmyshkina O.N. External Migration and Loss of Social Capital in the Regional Society. Regionology. Russian Journal of Regional Studies. 2022; 30(1):31–54. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.118.030.202201.031-054

21. Yakovleva E.B. History and Theory of Migration Processes. Theory and Practice of Social Development. 2017;(3):20–23. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2017.3.2

22. Potančoková M., Stonawski M., Gailey N. Migration and Demographic Disparities in Macro-Regions of the European Union, a view to 2060. Demographic Research. 2021;45:1317–1354. doi: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2021.45.44

23. Wassink J.T., Viera J.A. Does Parental Migration during Childhood Affect Children’s Lifetime Educational Attainment? Evidence from Mexico. Demography. 2021;58(5):1765–1792. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9411336

24. Sannikova O.V., Khotinets V.Yu. Transit University as a Factor of Interregional Educational Migration. Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy. 2017;27(1):41–45. Available at: https://journals.udsu.ru/philosophy-psychology-pedagogy/article/view/683 (accessed 22.08.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)

25. Ochirova G.N. Educational Migration from the Republic of Buryatia: Factors, Scale and Directions. Vestnik Universiteta. 2021;(4):181–188. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-4-181-188

26. Sychev A.A., Borisov D.M. Evaluation of Migration Intentions of the Youth in Region (by the Example of Republic of Mordovia). Russian Journal of Education and Psychology. 2015;(11):163–173. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2015-11-14

27. Korepina T.A., Leonidova G.V. Educational Factors in Population Migration (Case Study of the Vologda Oblast). Social Area. 2018;(2). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.15838/sa.2018.2.14.2

28. Kurbatova M.V., Donova I.V., Kranzeeva E.A., Leukhova M.G. Educational Migration in Resource-Extracting Regions. Universe of Russia. 2022;31(1):91–112. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.17323/1811-038X-2022-31-1-91-112

29. Fofanova K.V., Shubina E.Yu. Social Mood and the Migration Intentions of Youth in the Republic of Mordovia (Sociological Analysis). Russian Journal of Education and Psychology. 2015;(12):170–180. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2015-12-17

30. Reznichenko A. P. [Educational Strategies and Educational Migration: An Example of the Far East Region]. Problemy vysshego obrazovaniya. 2015;(1):84–86. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) EDN: VPSNTN

31. Ataeva A.G., Ulyaeva A.G. Modern Trends and Factors of Inter-Regional Migration of Youth in Russia). Tomsk State University Journal of Economics. 2018;(44): 38–57. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.17223/19988648/44/2

32. Ryazantsev S.V., Ochirova G.N. Transformation of International Educational Migration during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Social Area. 2021;7(4). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.15838/sa.2021.4.31.3

33. Trofimova N.V., Mamleeva E.R., Sazykina M.Y. Educational Migration as a Threat to Sustainable Development of a Territory. Science Vector of Togliatti State University. Series: Economics and Management. 2019;(3):66–72. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.18323/2221-5689-2019-3-66-72

34. Makrooni G., Ropo E. Academic Learners in Finland: The Experiences and Perceptions of First-Generation Migrant Family Students in Higher Education. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies. 2021;8(1):85–106. doi: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/597

Submitted 02.09.2022; revised 05.10.2022; accepted 17.10.2022.

About the author:

Anton V. Dozhdikov, Cand. Sci. (Political Science), Master of History, Specialist in Data Science, Independent Researcher, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-1648, antondnn@yandex.ru

The author has read and approved the final version of the manuscript.